Previous studies have focused mostly on the syntactic features of the Linking Particle (Ezafe) in simple noun phrases with little attention paid to its semantic representations and functions specifically within the context of deverbal noun phrases. The present study aims to analyze semantic functions of the Linking Particle as it appears between a deverbal noun and its various modifiers, and compare them with their corresponding elements in sentences in a Distributed Morphology framework (DM) in Hawrami. This study shows this ancient linker's trace in most Kurdish dialects exhibits agentive semantic functions in addition to expressing possession and modification. Furthermore, the subject of unaccusative verbs at the sentential level is realized as the patient/possessor or as the theme/possessor of their corresponding deverbal noun phrases. However, the subject of unergative verbs assumes the agentive/possessor role in their corresponding noun phrases. Moreover, the object of transitive and ditransitive verbs is represented as a patient or theme, and also as a possessed entity before the subject is realized as the possessor in the corresponding deverbal noun phrases. Results indicate that the representation of both sentences and their corresponding deverbal noun phrases within DM framework provides stronger support for a syntactic movement account of deverbal noun phrases, their semantic functions, and properties in Hawrami.

Background: Keratoconus is a progressive disease occurring in adolescence or early twenties. In an eye with keratoconus, the cornea thins and bulges out into an irregular cone shape. Although keratoconus may be seen in one eye, in 90% of cases, both eyes are damaged. Cross-Linking is a novel, very chip, and rapid method to treat keratoconus. Since few studies have evaluated this method we assessed the improvement of keratoconus following cross-Linking.Methods: This clinical trial study was performed in Feiz Hospital, Iran, during 2010-11. The target population was patients with keratoconus who were scheduled for cross-Linking. Visual acuity was measured before and after the operation. The collected data was analyzed with SPSS20.Findings: The mean ± SD of visual acuity was -2.66 ± 2.2 before the operation and -2.8 ± 4.7 after the operation (P=0.65). While visual acuity was not changed in 29 patients (29%), it decreased in 43 cases (43%) and increased in 28 (28%).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, cross-Linking had no acceptable effects on visual acuity in cases of keratovonus. More studies are required to clarify the efficacy of this method in improving keratovonus.

Cost and safety are two most important factors involved in the design of civil engineering systems and structures. Thus, the optimal design of structure dimensions is of big importance in order to reduce the cost of construction while meeting the safety requirement and the design constraints. Up to now several algorithms have been developed and used for optimization of different civil engineering problems. One of these algorithms is the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which is a swarm intelligence based algorithm inspired by the social behavior of animals such as fish schooling and bird flocking to solve continuous problems. In this paper, an optimization model is developed for the optimal design of flood control systems which contain both detention dam and bottom outlet. The proposed model uses the powerful PSO algorithm as the search engine and The "Transport Module" of "SWMM" as the hydraulic analyzer of the system. The applicability of the model to solve real world problem is verified by the optimal design of of South Pars flood control system which contains both detention dam and bottom outlet. The results show that the proposed optimization model can considerably reduce the total costs of flood control systems.

Patients with keratoconus constitute a large proportion of patients suffering from anterior segment disorders. As of this time, however, its pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated. A reduction in cross-link between collagen molecules has been observed in keratoconic eyes as compared to normal ones. Present approaches only address refractive errors resulting from the abnormal abnormal corneal shape. Recently, collagen cross-Linking using riboflavin and ultraviolet has been introduced to slow down the disease progression. The purpose of the present study is to review the efficacy, clinical outcomes, limitations, and complications of collagen cross-Linking.

Increasing population and food demand, disproportionate cultivation and annual production of various agricultural products with market needs and low productivity of the agricultural sector and the loss of water and soil resources have made it necessary to determine and implement the country's optimal cropping pattern. In this study, due to the limitations and problems of classical methods in order to reduce processing time and improve the quality of solutions, the Multi-Objective Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization was used to determine the optimal cultivation pattern of Sistan plain in optimal conditions and deficit irrigation. The results of the Multi-Objective Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization for the dominant cultures in the region showed that the current cropping pattern of the region is not optimal and with the implementation of the proposed model, the profit per unit area under cultivation will increase. The results of application of deficit irrigation during different growing periods of wheat, barley, alfalfa, sorghum, watermelon and grapes showed that applying deficit irrigation in this plain is not a good strategy and therefore only a full irrigation strategy is recommended. The results of sensitivity analysis of the model showed that at low prices, farmers reaction is less and at higher prices more reaction to price changes and with increasing prices, the program efficiency is lower.

Cross Linking of high density polyethylene (HDPE) was first performed via high energy 10 Mev electron beam (EB) irradiation. HDPE was also cross linked with Dicumyle peroxide (DCP).The gel content of samples was determined by solvent extraction.Degree of cross Linking was evaluated by hot set apparatus; as well.In order to clarify the effect of nature of cross Linking, correlation of electrical properties such as volume resistively, dielectric constant, dielectric strength with the type of cross Linking system was made. It was found that, in the same amount of gel content, electrical properties of samples cross linked by the two methods, differed.

Researchers are of the belief that employee voice has favorable effects for both the employee and the organization. However, the effect of employee voice on creativity, and the process through which it influences creativity, has hitherto received little attention. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between perceived employee voice and creativity. Employees of three premier dairy companies located in Mazandaran province constituted the statistical population of this research. Using a random sampling method, 302 employees were selected as the research sample. Data was gathered through a questionnaire. Before testing the hypotheses, a localized scale was developed for employee voice. Results of the data analysis revealed that perception of employee voice has a positive effect on work meaningfulness. Moreover, work meaningfulness has a positive effect on intrinsic motivation. Results also prove that intrinsic motivation has a significantly positive effect on an individual employee's creativity.